Brain imaging research, considered as a key variable for 'Sleep Quality and Time of Photography'
Jul 30, 2024
A research team led by Kim Ki-woong, a professor of psychiatry at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, has published a study suggesting the need to include sleep quality and brain imaging time as major confounding variables in brain imaging research.
The volume of the brain measured with medical imaging equipment is used as important data for evaluating neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, meaning dementia is characterized by a concentrated decrease in volume of the lateral temporal lobe, and anterior temporal lobe dementia.
As such, brain volume can be permanently changed by genetic factors, aging, and disease, but factors such as blood flow (CBF) in the cerebrum, water intake, and redistribution of bodily fluids also affect brain volume. Increased cerebral blood flow increases brain volume, and when dehydrated, cerebral blood flow decreases. In addition, changes in brain volume in the daily cycle (per cycle) are affected by various factors, such as a decrease in cerebral blood flow as body fluids are redistributed when switching from lying to standing.
What is noteworthy here is that sleep quality and blood flow interact. Therefore, it can be inferred that sleep quality affects brain volume changes throughout the day, but no research has been conducted on this.
In response, a research team led by Kim Ki-woong, a professor of psychiatry at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, analyzed the effect of sleep quality on the circadian change of brain volume for the first time in the world. The study was conducted on 1,003 elderly people aged 60 or older in Korea with normal cognitive abilities.
The research team investigated the quality of sleep and average wake-up time using the tool 'Pitzburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)'. The lower the score, the higher the quality of sleep the PSQI index means. According to the PSQI total score, sleep quality was classified into three categories: good (less than 5 points, good sleep quality), boundary (5-9 points, borderline sleep quality), and bad (10 points or more, poor sleep quality).
In addition, according to the interval (INT) between average wake-up time and brain MRI scan time, we classified them into three groups: INT1 (short/420 min), INT2 (intermediate), and INT3 (long/636 min or longer). Brain MRI scans confirmed overall brain volume, whole gray matter, cerebral gray matter, cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid levels.
As a result of analyzing them, it was found that there was no significant difference in brain volume between the three INT groups in the boundary and poor sleep group, and that the brain volume was significantly different between INT groups only in the good sleep group.
When sleep quality was good, the brain volume was smaller in the INT2 group than that of INT1 and INT3. In particular, compared to INT1, the total brain volume was about 2.1%, the ash quality 1.3%, the cerebral ash quality 1.1%, the outer skin texture 1.0%, and the lower cortical ash quality 0.1%, and the cerebrospinal fluid volume was 0.5% higher. This figure can be interpreted as the blood flow that increased in the brain during night sleep escapes to other parts of the body due to physical activity after waking up, reducing the volume of the brain for about 7 hours and then increasing again. Therefore, this phenomenon can be assumed to be confirmed only in the high-quality sleep group, where fluid and blood flow can sufficiently travel to the brain during sleep.
This study is significant in that it is the first to analyze the effect of sleep quality on the circadian change in brain volume. It is significant that future brain imaging studies have provided scientific evidence that the interval between sleep quality and brain MRI imaging time needs to be included as a major confounding variable.
Professor Kim Ki-woong said, `The study has shown that the quality of sleep and test time can affect the brain's circadian changes.' `We hope to include this as a major confounding variable in the future to increase the accuracy of brain imaging, and furthermore, the circadian change in brain volume can be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sleep disorders.'
The paper was published in 'NeuroImage', the most prestigious academic journal in the field of brain imaging. 논문명은 'Effects of sleep quality on diurnal variation of brain volume in older adults: A retrospective cross-sectional study'이다.
The volume of the brain measured with medical imaging equipment is used as important data for evaluating neurodegenerative diseases. For example, in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease, the medial temporal lobe including the hippocampus, meaning dementia is characterized by a concentrated decrease in volume of the lateral temporal lobe, and anterior temporal lobe dementia.
As such, brain volume can be permanently changed by genetic factors, aging, and disease, but factors such as blood flow (CBF) in the cerebrum, water intake, and redistribution of bodily fluids also affect brain volume. Increased cerebral blood flow increases brain volume, and when dehydrated, cerebral blood flow decreases. In addition, changes in brain volume in the daily cycle (per cycle) are affected by various factors, such as a decrease in cerebral blood flow as body fluids are redistributed when switching from lying to standing.
What is noteworthy here is that sleep quality and blood flow interact. Therefore, it can be inferred that sleep quality affects brain volume changes throughout the day, but no research has been conducted on this.
In response, a research team led by Kim Ki-woong, a professor of psychiatry at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, analyzed the effect of sleep quality on the circadian change of brain volume for the first time in the world. The study was conducted on 1,003 elderly people aged 60 or older in Korea with normal cognitive abilities.
The research team investigated the quality of sleep and average wake-up time using the tool 'Pitzburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI)'. The lower the score, the higher the quality of sleep the PSQI index means. According to the PSQI total score, sleep quality was classified into three categories: good (less than 5 points, good sleep quality), boundary (5-9 points, borderline sleep quality), and bad (10 points or more, poor sleep quality).
In addition, according to the interval (INT) between average wake-up time and brain MRI scan time, we classified them into three groups: INT1 (short/420 min), INT2 (intermediate), and INT3 (long/636 min or longer). Brain MRI scans confirmed overall brain volume, whole gray matter, cerebral gray matter, cortical gray matter, subcortical gray matter, and cerebrospinal fluid levels.
As a result of analyzing them, it was found that there was no significant difference in brain volume between the three INT groups in the boundary and poor sleep group, and that the brain volume was significantly different between INT groups only in the good sleep group.
When sleep quality was good, the brain volume was smaller in the INT2 group than that of INT1 and INT3. In particular, compared to INT1, the total brain volume was about 2.1%, the ash quality 1.3%, the cerebral ash quality 1.1%, the outer skin texture 1.0%, and the lower cortical ash quality 0.1%, and the cerebrospinal fluid volume was 0.5% higher. This figure can be interpreted as the blood flow that increased in the brain during night sleep escapes to other parts of the body due to physical activity after waking up, reducing the volume of the brain for about 7 hours and then increasing again. Therefore, this phenomenon can be assumed to be confirmed only in the high-quality sleep group, where fluid and blood flow can sufficiently travel to the brain during sleep.
This study is significant in that it is the first to analyze the effect of sleep quality on the circadian change in brain volume. It is significant that future brain imaging studies have provided scientific evidence that the interval between sleep quality and brain MRI imaging time needs to be included as a major confounding variable.
Professor Kim Ki-woong said, `The study has shown that the quality of sleep and test time can affect the brain's circadian changes.' `We hope to include this as a major confounding variable in the future to increase the accuracy of brain imaging, and furthermore, the circadian change in brain volume can be considered as a biomarker for the diagnosis of sleep disorders.'
The paper was published in 'NeuroImage', the most prestigious academic journal in the field of brain imaging. 논문명은 'Effects of sleep quality on diurnal variation of brain volume in older adults: A retrospective cross-sectional study'이다.
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