Fatality rate 30% 'STSS', highest number of cases in Japan ever
Jul 02, 2024
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Citing an announcement from the National Infectious Disease Research Institute, the Mainichi Shimbun reported 1,060 cases by June 16 this year, exceeding the 941 recorded last year.
In addition, 77 of the 335 cases reported in the first three months of this year have died.
STSS is a disease caused primarily by infection with group A streptococci.
Common symptoms start with pain and swelling in the arms and legs, fever and drop in blood pressure, leading to shock conditions with necrosis of the limbs and multiple organ failure.
When infected with group A streptococci, most recover after mild respiratory symptoms, but when it develops into STSS, it shows a high fatality rate, with some elderly people dying within 48 hours.
It is known to have a mortality rate of about 30%.
The main route of infection is direct contact through mucous membranes and skin wound areas. Respiratory infections through droplets are also possible. Secondary infection is also possible when in close contact with a patient, but continuous transmission from person to person is rare.
In the case of invasive group A streptococcal infection, the main risk factor is a decrease in immunity due to old age, diabetes, and cancer. In addition, recent surgical history, burns, skin wounds, obesity, steroid use, cardiovascular disease, and HIV infection also increase the risk. The risk of developing disease increases even after infection with preceding viruses such as chickenpox and influenza.
Treatment requires rapid conservative treatment for shock and antibiotic use. In addition, if necrotizing soft histitis and necrotizing fasciitis are accompanied, it is important to perform surgical treatment at the necrotic site early. In addition, active adjuvant treatments such as the use of immunoglobulins can be performed. Early detection and treatment can increase survival rates.
Personal hygiene is important because preventive vaccines have not yet been developed.
Experts explained that `practice of cough etiquette, proper hand washing, and not touching the eyes, nose, or mouth with unwashed hands are necessary, and preventive antibiotic administration may be considered for some people who have been in close contact with infected patients.'
bellho@sportschosun.com
