"The longer the smoking period, the more directly proportional the risk of sepsis"
Sep 24, 2024
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A research team led by Han Sang-hoon, a professor of infectious diseases at Yonsei University's Gangnam Severance Hospital, found that the risk of sepsis was about 1.34 times higher when comparing the group who never smoked with the group who had more than 30 pack years of smoking experience.
Here, A-year refers to the average daily cigarette consumption multiplied by the smoking period. For example, a 30-year pack refers to a case of smoking a pack of cigarettes every day for 30 years, or a case of smoking two packs a day for 15 years.
The research team proved that smoking itself is an effective risk factor for increasing the likelihood of sepsis, regardless of the patient's chronic disease or lifestyle.
A research team consisting of professors Han Sang-hoon, Lee Kyung-hwa, and Lee Eun-hwa of the Department of Infectious Diseases at Yonsei University's Gangnam Severance Hospital, and Han Kyung-do, a professor of information statistics and insurance mathematics at Soongsil University, launched an investigation to inform that smoking is highly related to the occurrence of sepsis among the measures to raise awareness of sepsis prevention.
The research team targeted adults over the age of 20 who participated in regular health checkups conducted by the National Health Insurance Corporation. About 4.23 million people who participated in the screening from January to December 2009 were surveyed for smoking status and followed up with sepsis for the next 10 years.
To reduce interpretation errors, the research team selected a total of 3.88 million 1958 people, excluding sepsis patients who occurred before the investigation period or within a year. It was classified into 2,342,841 non-smokers with no smoking history, 539,850 former smokers (currently discontinued or previous smoking history), and 999,267 current smokers.
The research team observed that the incidence of sepsis (IRs) gradually increased as the cumulative amount of smoking increased in all observed groups.
The group that smoked for less than 10 pack years in the past showed 2,910 sepsis out of 229,757 people, recording an IR Per 1000 person-years level of 1.25, but the group that smoked for more than 20 pack years in the past had 6,496 sepsis out of 163,323 people, reaching IR 4.08.
The situation was similar in the group that currently maintains smoking. Of the 357,115 people who smoke less than 10 pack years, 314 cases of sepsis were reported, with an IR of 0.86, but over 20 pack years, 19,62 cases of sepsis out of 340,094 people suffered, increasing to IR 3.26.
The research team also examined the effect of accumulated smoking throughout life on the occurrence of sepsis, regardless of whether smoking or non-smoking was performed at the time of medical examination.
As a result, it was confirmed that the longer the smoking period, the greater the risk of sepsis, regardless of the current smoking status.
All study subjects were corrected by substituting all variables such as age, gender, BMI index, and alcohol consumption, and the correlation of sepsis occurrence was determined only by the duration of simple smoking.
When the non-smoking group of 2,342,841 people was set at the risk of 1.0, 249,001 people in the group with more than 30 packs of years of smoking had 11,347 sepsis cases, and the risk of 1.344 was recorded to ensure data significance (95% Cl, <0.001)
The research team also confirmed that the probability of sepsis increases over time depending on the smoking period (a year).
During the 10-year follow-up period, it was reported by visualizing the steepest increase in the probability of sepsis in the target group who maintained smoking for more than 30 pack years.
Professor Han Sang-hoon, who led the study, "The study proved that smoking is a risk factor that has a decisive effect on the occurrence of sepsis. Regardless of the presence or absence of chronic diseases or lifestyle habits, smoking itself increases the incidence of sepsis, and the risk has also increased in proportion to the duration of smoking and the amount of smoking. If you have maintained smoking for more than 30 pack years, or if you are 65 years of age or older, you should be fully aware of the risk of sepsis. We need to promote public health and reduce unnecessary social expenses by implementing a steady social smoking cessation policy.'
This research paper was published in the SCI journal 『Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health" under the title 『A 10-year follow-up study of 4 million adults in Korea using national health examination data』 on the correlation between smoking and sepsis incidence.
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