Do you know that mainly occurs in middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s 'Intermediate Tumors'?
Oct 31, 2024
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Mediastinal tumors are collectively referred to as cysts that occur in the mediastinum, from mulch to benign tumors to malignant tumors. It is known to occur mainly in middle-aged people in their 40s and 50s.
The mediastinum is divided into three parts: anterior mediastinum, a median mediastinum, and a posterior mediastinum depending on the location, and each of the frequent tumors is different. Thymoma, lymphoma, and embryonic cytoplasm commonly occur in the anterior mediastinum, pericardial, lymphoma, and bronchiectatic cysts in the middle mediastinum, and neurocyst, bronchiectatic, and intestinal cysts in the posterior mediastinum.
It is highly likely that the tumors of the anterior mediastinum are malignant compared to those of the mediastinum or posterior mediastinum.
Professor Lee Ji-yoon of Cardiovascular Thoracic Surgery at Catholic University of Korea's Incheon St. Mary's Hospital said, `Mediastinal tumors are the most common disease that occurs in the mediastinum, and younger people usually have benign and primary tumors, but older people have a high proportion of malignant and metastatic tumors.'
◇ Various symptoms appear depending on the organ compressed by the tumor
Most of the symptoms are asymptomatic, but they vary depending on the organ being pressed as the tumor grows. Compression of the trachea or bronchial tubes causes coughing and shortness of breath. When the tumor presses the esophagus, it will have difficulty swallowing food, and when the aorta is pressed, the arteries of the neck become thicker and the normal flow of blood is obstructed, revealing veins in areas that were not usual. Compression of the heart increases the pulse, and it can also cause intercostal neuralgia by compressing the intercostal nerve.
If you press the laryngeal regression nerve, a husky voice comes out. One of the malignant tumors, thymoma, is known to have severe work history characterized by temporary muscle weakness and fatigue in about half.
When a mediastinal tumor is suspected, it is confirmed by CT (computed tomography) using contrast medium. There is a limit to diagnosis with general non-contrast CT. After that, clinical diagnosis is made based on the location, shade, and shape of the tumor. Normal mediastinum appears in the form of aortic vessels and cardiac shading when downwards with bronchial or esophagus visible. When a connection with nerves around the spine or spinal cord is suspected, additional tests such as MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) and surgical treatment are also performed.
Median thoracotomy, in which the breast bone is cut in half, has traditionally been performed, and recently, tumors are removed by thoracoscopy or robotic surgery to minimize scarring and pain.
Professor Lee Ji-yoon said, "As mediastinal tumors have various types, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are necessary considering the patient's age, presence of symptoms, and location of the tumor." In addition to radiographic imaging, biopsy is essential because surgical treatment is not the first-line treatment when lymphoma or germinoma is suspected."
◇ Treatment should be surgically resected in principle...You may need a needle biopsy or a biopsy
Surgical resection is the principle for the treatment of mediastinal tumors. This is because even if there are no symptoms as a benign mediastinal tumor, it can cause pressure symptoms and can become malignant. After that, it is necessary to check for cancer, cyst, and benign tumor.
Professor Lee Ji-yoon said "Viciousness is often difficult to completely surgically resected" and "What kind of malignant lesion is it, and surgery for biopsy is performed through acupuncture biopsy, thoracotomy, endoscopic surgery, etc. if necessary for histological confirmation such as lymphoma or malignant thymic cancer."
There is no specific prevention yet for mediastinal tumors because the risk factors are unclear. However, the number of finding mediastinal tumors on chest X-rays or low-dose chest CT performed for medical examinations is steadily increasing.
Professor Lee Ji-yoon advised that `The earlier detection of mediastinal tumors, like any disease, the better the prognosis.'
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